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Basic Syntax

9 Topics
1

Keywords and Identifiers

Dissect Java's reserved keywords, soft keywords, identifier naming rules, and standard coding conventions.

Tests identifier validity rules, dynamic keyword categories (like var/yield), and reserved vs unused terms.
2

Data Types

Deep dive into primitive types (sizes, defaults, ranges), memory representation (stack vs heap), and reference types.

Heavily tested on overflow/underflow, floating-point precision issues, and primitive vs reference comparison.
3

Variables

Understand local, instance, and static variables, detailing their scope, default values, and memory lifetime.

Tests compiler rules regarding local variable initialization, static initialization blocks, and variable shadowing.
4

Operators

Arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, shift, ternary, and assignment operators, detailing precedence and evaluation order.

Expect questions on short-circuit evaluation, compound assignments casting rules, and bitwise shift edge cases.
5

Type Casting and Conversion

Explore widening (implicit) and narrowing (explicit) numeric conversions, character mappings, and runtime casting rules.

Heavily tested on arithmetic promotion rules, narrowing overflow truncation, and ClassCastException.
6

Input and Output

Deconstruct console writing via System.out/err and input handling using Scanner and BufferedReader.

Tests Scanner buffer leaks, BufferedReader efficiency for competitive programming, and I/O streams handling.
7

Comments

Single-line, multi-line, and Javadoc commenting systems, focusing on auto-generating API documentation.

Checks knowledge of Javadoc tags, documentation compilation, and writing clean, self-documenting code.
8

Literals

Represent static data values: integral representations, floating-point suffix tags, character sets, and modern text blocks.

Expect questions on numeric prefix markers, literal suffix tags (L, f, d), and text block formatting whitespace rules.
9

Wrapper Classes

Explore the object representations of primitive types, covering autoboxing, unboxing, caching mechanisms, and performance overheads.

Crucial for understanding collections integration, NullPointerExceptions during unboxing, and the Integer Cache range pool.
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