Python Fundamentals

Learn Python from syntax to advanced patterns — 237 topics across 32 chapters covering data structures, decorators, object-oriented design, async scripting, and interview essentials.

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Introduction to Python

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1What is Python?2Setting Up Python Environment 3Your First Python Program 4Python REPL 5Python 2 vs Python 3 6Virtual Environments 7Python IDEs and Editors

Basic Syntax

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1Variables and Assignment 2Data Types 3Operators 4Type Conversion 5Input and Output 6Comments and Documentation 7Indentation 8Naming Conventions 9Python Keywords

Strings

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1String Basics 2String Methods 3String Formatting 4String Slicing 5String Operations 6Escape Sequences 7Raw Strings 8Unicode and Encoding

Control Flow

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1If Statements 2For Loops 3While Loops 4Break and Continue 5Pass Statement 6Range Function 7Enumerate 8Match-Case (Python 3.10+)

Lists

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1List Basics 2List Methods 3List Slicing 4List Comprehensions 5Nested Lists 6List Operations 7Copying Lists

Tuples

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1Tuple Basics 2Tuple Operations 3Tuple Unpacking 4Named Tuples 5Tuples vs Lists

Sets

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1Set Basics 2Set Operations 3Set Methods 4Frozen Sets 5Set Comprehensions

Dictionaries

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1Dictionary Basics 2Dictionary Methods 3Dictionary Comprehensions 4Nested Dictionaries 5DefaultDict 6OrderedDict 7Counter

Functions

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1Function Basics 2Parameters and Arguments 3Return Values 4*args and **kwargs 5Variable Scope 6Recursion 7Lambda Functions 8Closures 9Decorators 10Higher-Order Functions 11Docstrings 12First-Class Functions

Built-in Functions

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1map, filter, reduce 2zip Function 3sorted and reversed 4any and all 5min, max, sum 6len, type, isinstance 7eval and exec 8dir and help

Modules & Packages

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1Importing Modules 2Creating Modules 3Packages 4pip and Package Management 5Standard Library Overview 6os Module 7sys Module 8datetime Module

Object-Oriented Programming

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1Classes and Objects 2__init__ Method 3Instance Variables 4Class Variables 5Methods 6self Keyword 7Properties 8Dunder Methods 9Dataclasses 10__slots__

Inheritance

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1Single Inheritance 2Multiple Inheritance 3super() Function 4Method Overriding 5Method Resolution Order (MRO)6Mixins

Polymorphism & Abstraction

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1Duck Typing 2Abstract Classes 3Interfaces in Python 4Operator Overloading 5Protocols (PEP 544)

Encapsulation

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1Public and Private Members 2Name Mangling 3Getters and Setters 4Descriptors

Advanced OOP

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1Metaclasses 2Class Decorators 3Singleton Pattern 4Factory Pattern 5Composition vs Inheritance 6Dependency Injection

Exception Handling

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1Try-Except Blocks 2Multiple Exceptions 3else and finally 4Raising Exceptions 5Custom Exceptions 6Exception Chaining 7Context Managers 8Assert Statements

File Handling

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1Opening and Closing Files 2Reading Files 3Writing Files 4File Modes 5with Statement for Files 6Binary Files 7JSON Files 8CSV Files 9pathlib Module

Iterators & Generators

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1Iterators 2Iterables 3Generators 4Generator Expressions 5itertools Module 6yield from 7Infinite Iterators

Functional Programming

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1Pure Functions 2Immutability 3functools Module 4Currying and Partial Application 5Function Composition 6Monads in Python

Type Hints & Annotations

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1Type Hints Basics 2typing Module 3Generics 4Type Aliases 5mypy 6Protocols 7Runtime Type Checking

Concurrency

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1Threading Basics 2Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)3Multiprocessing 4asyncio Basics 5Coroutines 6Event Loops 7Thread Synchronization 8concurrent.futures 9Thread-Safe Queues 10Deadlocks and Race Conditions

Testing

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1pytest Fundamentals 2Advanced Fixtures 3Mocking and Patching 4Test Coverage and Quality 5Integration Testing 6Testing Patterns and Anti-Patterns 7pytest Fundamentals 8Advanced Fixtures 9Mocking and Patching 10Test Coverage and Quality 11Integration Testing 12Testing Patterns and Anti-Patterns

Debugging & Profiling

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1pdb Debugger 2Logging 3Profiling 4Memory Profiling 5timeit Module 6Traceback Analysis

Database Access

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1SQLite with Python 2Python DB-API 3ORM Basics 4SQLAlchemy 5Connection Pooling 6Async Database Access

Web Development Basics

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1HTTP Basics 2requests Library 3Flask Introduction 4Django Introduction 5FastAPI Introduction 6REST APIs 7Web Scraping

Data Science Essentials

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1NumPy Basics 2Pandas Basics 3Matplotlib 4Jupyter Notebooks 5Data Cleaning 6Scikit-learn Introduction 7Statistics with Python

Advanced Topics

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1Metaprogramming 2Memory Management 3C Extensions 4Cython 5Packaging and Distribution 6Performance Optimization 7Python Internals

Best Practices

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1PEP 8 Style Guide 2Code Organization 3Documentation 4Code Review 5Security Best Practices 6Linting and Formatting 7Dependency Management 8CI/CD for Python

Testing in Python

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Async Programming

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1asyncio Fundamentals 2Async Patterns and Utilities 3Async Web Frameworks 4Async Database Access 5Async Best Practices

Design Patterns in Python

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1Singleton Pattern 2Factory Pattern 3Observer Pattern 4Strategy Pattern 5Builder Pattern