SQL & Databases

Master relational databases and SQL — 69 topics across 25 chapters covering queries, indexing, normalization, transactions, and performance tuning.

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15h

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Course Overview

5 topics

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1What is SQL?2Why SQL Exists 3Why SQL Still Dominates 4Where SQL Is Used 5Career Relevance

Relational Database Fundamentals

4 topics

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1Data, Databases, and DBMS 2Understanding RDBMS 3Tables, Rows, and Columns 4Keys and Relationships

Setting Up PostgreSQL

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1Installing PostgreSQL 2pgAdmin and psql 3Creating Databases and Users 4Database Permissions

Basic SQL Queries

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1SELECT, FROM, and WHERE Clauses 2ORDER BY, LIMIT, and OFFSET Clauses 3DISTINCT and ALIAS Clauses

Filtering Data

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1AND, OR, and NOT 2BETWEEN and IN 3LIKE, ILIKE, and Wildcards 4IS NULL and IS NOT NULL

SQL Functions

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1String Functions 2Numeric Functions 3Date and Time Functions

Aggregation

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1COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX 2GROUP BY Clause 3HAVING Clause

Joins (Deep Dive)

3 topics

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1INNER JOIN 2LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL JOINS 3SELF JOIN and CROSS JOIN

Subqueries

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1Scalar Subqueries 2Correlated Subqueries 3EXISTS, NOT EXISTS, and IN vs EXISTS

Common Table Expressions (CTE)

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1WITH Clause (CTEs)2Recursive CTEs and Hierarchy Queries

Window Functions

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1ROW_NUMBER, RANK, and DENSE_RANK 2LAG, LEAD, FIRST_VALUE, and LAST_VALUE 3Running Totals and Partitioning

Data Modification

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1INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE 2UPSERT and MERGE 3RETURNING Clause

Database Design

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1Normalization: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF 2Denormalization and Read Optimization

Keys & Constraints

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1Primary, Foreign, and Unique Keys 2CHECK, DEFAULT, and NOT NULL Constraints 3Surrogate, Natural, and Composite Keys

Indexing

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1Why Indexes Exist 2B-Tree, Hash, and GIN Indexes 3Composite, Covering, and Partial Indexes

Query Optimization

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1EXPLAIN and EXPLAIN ANALYZE 2Scans (Seq, Index, Bitmap) and Joins (Nested Loop, Hash, Merge)3Query Planning and Statistics

Transactions

3 topics

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1ACID Properties 2BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT 3Transaction Isolation Levels

Locks & Concurrency

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1Row and Table Locks 2MVCC and Optimistic/Pessimistic Locking

Advanced PostgreSQL

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1JSONB, Arrays, and Generated Columns 2Materialized Views and Partitioning 3PostgreSQL Extensions and Full-Text Search

Database Architecture

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1Primary-Replica Replication and Read Replicas 2Database Sharding vs Partitioning 3High Availability and Failover

SQL in Backend Systems

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1JDBC and Connection Pooling (HikariCP)2ORM (Hibernate, Spring Data JPA) vs Raw SQL 3N+1 Problem and Application Transactions

SQL Interview Preparation

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1FAANG SQL Interview Questions & Answers

Hands-On Projects

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1Library Management, E-Commerce, and Order Management Projects

Troubleshooting Guide

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1Database Production Troubleshooting Guide

Learning Summary

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1Cheat Sheet & Next Learning Pathways